Chapter 22

© Mark Damen, 2021
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Rule 1: Fifth declension represents e-stem nouns. Most are feminine in gender.

I. Grammar

Representing nouns which have a base ending in -e, fifth declension exhibits endings which look most like those seen in third declension (with second-declension endings in the genitive). Note how e—and long ē, in particular—dominates the declension.

  Singular Plural
Nom -e + s = -ēs -e + ēs = -ēs
Gen -e + ī = -eī -e + ōrum = -ērum
Dat -e + ī = -eī -e + ibus = -ēbus
Acc -e + em = -em -e + ēs = -ēs
Abl -e + e = -ē -e + ibus = -ēbus

 

II. Vocabulary

View the complete list of vocabulary in Wheelock, Chapters 1-22

ignis: An i-stem noun.

tollo: Meaning literally "lift," this verb carries many connotations, e.g. "carry off, steal" (booty/spoils), "destroy, remove, abolish" (enemies), "rescue, save" (friends). Its perfect forms sustuli and sublatus were derived from a defunct compound, *sub-tollo.

medius: Means "the middle of X."

alo: The perfect passive participle of this verb, altus (literally "nourished"), had a sense of "grown great" and thus came to mean "high, tall." Seen not from the ground up but looked down on from above, a "tall" thing is "deep," and therefore altus also came to mean "deep," hence also "mystical, secret, ancient."

III. Sentences

Practice and Review

2. Inasmuch as finibus in this sentence must be an impersonal agent—no ab!—continebantur is best taken as "were confined/enclosed."

4. Here, tollo has a sense of "destroy."

IV. Reading from the Book of Luke

A reading from the Vulgate text of the Book of Luke, Chapter 2.1-21 (the birth of Jesus) is available.

View Reading

IV. Review for Test 4 (Final Examination)

Test 4: Review

____________________________________
NOMEN TUUM

I. Write synopses of the following verbs in the persons and numbers given. (24 points)

Verb: tango — Person/Number: 1st singular

TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present    
Imperfect    
Future    
Perfect    
Pluperfect    
Future Perfect    

Verb: alo — Person/Number: 2nd singular

TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present    
Imperfect    
Future    
Perfect    
Pluperfect    
Future Perfect    

II. Translate the following verb forms — PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO TENSE AND VOICE! If necessary, write the tense and voice out to the side to show that you know it. (30 points)

  1. missae eramus
  2. iungeris
  3. dabuntur
  4. acta sunt
  5. rape
  6. rapi
  7. rapui
  8. sustuleris
  9. tolleris
  10. sublata eris

III. Match the grammatical use of the word (listed by letter) above to the word below. In other words, match the case of the words below to their possible use(s) above. THERE CAN BE MORE THAN ONE POSSIBLE GRAMMATICAL USE FOR A WORD, SO THERE CAN BE MORE THAN ONE POSSIBLE RIGHT ANSWER IN EACH BLANK. GIVE ALL POSSIBLE RIGHT ANSWERS. (HINT: there are sixteen [16] total right answers). (16 points)

  1. subject
  2. possession
  3. indirect object
  4. direct object
  5. object of the preposition ab
  6. object of the preposition trans
  7. separation
  8. object of the “post-position” causa

______ 1. oculo

______ 2. quae

______ 3. rerum

______ 4. senatus

______ 5. poenas

______ 6. veritas

______ 7. amori

______ 8. filii

IV. Translate the following sentences into cogent English which shows that you know the syntax of the Latin sentences. Answer the grammar questions appended to each sentence. (30 pts.)

1. Illis diebus istae manus acres a quibus territi eratis vi copiarum delebantur.

What case is diebus and why?  
What case is quibus and why?  
What case is vi and why?  

2. Quorum libertatis causa difficilia magna cum fide geretis?

What case is libertatis and why?  
What case is difficilia and why?  
What case is fide and why?  

3. Propter quorum consilia ab hostibus vincebantur et sua libertate carebunt?

What case is consilia and why?  
What case is hostibus and why?  
What case is libertate and why?  

Answers

I. Synopses

1. tango ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present tango tangor
Imperfect tangebam tangebar
Future tangam tangar
Perfect tetigi tactus sum
Pluperfect tetigeram tactus eram
Future Perfect tetigero tactus ero
2. alo ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present alis aleris
Imperfect alebas alebaris
Future ales aleris
Perfect aluisti altus es
Pluperfect alueras altus eras
Future Perfect alueris altus eris

II. Verb Translations

  1. we (f.) had been sent
  2. you are joined
  3. they will be given
  4. they (n.) have been done
  5. seize!
  6. to be seized
  7. I have seized
  8. you will have raised
  9. you will be raised
  10. you (f.) will have been raised

III. Grammar Matching

  1. oculo: c, e, g (IO, object of ab, separation)
  2. quae: a, d, f (subject, DO, object of trans)
  3. rerum: b, h (possession, object of causa)
  4. senatus: a (subject)
  5. poenas: d, f (DO, object of trans)
  6. veritas: a (subject)
  7. amori: c (IO)
  8. filii: a, b, h (subject, possession, object of causa)

IV. Sentence Translations

1. In those days those (grrr!) ferocious bands (of men) by which you had been terrified were being destroyed by the force of troops.

diebus: ablative of (point in) time
quibus: ablative of personal agent
vi: ablative of impersonal agent or means

2. For the sake of whose (pl.) liberty will you (pl.) do difficult things with great trustworthiness?

libertatis: genitive, object of causa
difficilia: accusative, DO
fide: ablative of manner

3. Because of whose plans were they conquered by the enemy and will they lose their (own) freedom?

consilia: accusative, object of propter
hostibus: ablative of personal agent
libertate: ablative of separation