Rule 1: Only unus, duo, tres and the plural of mille decline. All other numbers are indeclinable.
Rule 2: The Partitive Genitive is used with milia, superlatives, words designating a part and special pronouns and adjectives; see Wheelock, page 192 (middle).
Rule 3: Ex/De (+ the ablative) is used with all numbers, except quidam and the plural of the mille.
I. Grammar
A. Numbers
At this late point in the class, it seems pointless to memorize all the Latin cardinals and ordinals. Moreover, numbers seldom show up in classical Roman authors so it is necessary only to be generally familiar with how they are formed. Thus, you will be required to know the cardinal numbers 1-10, 20, 100 and 1000 and the first ten ordinals (page 384).
B. The Genitive of the Whole or the Partitive Genitive
Besides possession, the genitive case can also designate the whole to which a part belongs. When it does, it is called the "Partitive Genitive" (or "Genitive of the Whole"). This construction is used commonly with milia, superlatives, words denoting a part or section (plus, pars, satis, nemo), and certain pronouns and adjectives implying partition (quid, aliquid, nihil, multum). Other words like quidam and all numbers under 2000 (including mille) use de or ex plus the ablative instead of a partitive genitive.
C. Supplementary Syntax (pp. 374-379)
In order to prepare you for reading the works of ancient authors, we must review certain constructions which Wheelock includes in the Supplementary Syntax (pp. 374-379): the genitives of material and description, and the ablatives of specification, cause and degree of difference. While these constructions will not appear on the tests for this class, they will be instrumental in translating actual Latin.
D. Additional Reading and Recitation
An additional Reading, a passage from Ovid's Ars Amatoria. Use this to add another Recitation score which can replace a low grade on a previous Recitation.
D. The Bayeux Tapestry
After completing Chapter 40, we'll end this course by reading and discussing the Bayeux Tapestry. A handout about the Bayeux Tapestry is also available.
II. Vocabulary
[You are responsible for knowing the complete list of all words (Chapters 1-40) which are used in this class. Use this list to help consolidate your understanding of Latin vocabulary.]
View Printable Vocabulary List
iustus: = *ius- "law" + -t- (the adjective-forming suffix).
tot: A sign word of a result clause; see Chapter 29.
III. Review for Test 4
Test 4: Review
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NOMEN TUUM
I. VERB FORMS. (1) Translate the following verb forms. (2) Indicate mood to the side. (3) Tell whether the verb form will take a(n):
NOMINATIVE PREDICATE (NOM)
DATIVE OBJECT (DAT)
ACCUSATIVE OBJECT (ACC)
ABLATIVE (ABL)
PERSONAL AGENT (PA).
If a verb form does not take any object or predicate, say NONE. (30 pts.)
- mirantium
- ignosce
- fit
- iit
- contulerim
- egredere
- vitaremus
- iturum esse
- hortati
- redeatis
II. CONSTRUCTIONS. In the space below give the name of the construction in bold in each sentence. For conditions, give the type of condition. (20 pts.)
- Romam venit philosophiae discendae causa.
- Litteris multas horas studuerunt.
- Si pecuniam amavisti, sapientiae caruisti.
- At nemo erat qui istum hominem turpem defenderet.
- Rogant ubi dux sit.
- Si consul abibit, mortem metuemus.
- Omnes ut veniret hortatus est.
- Romani contra milia militum pugnabant.
- Cum se eis parsurum esse dicerent, tamen multos interfecit.
- Qui interficiendo vitam agant, morientur.
III. SENTENCES. Translate the following sentences into English and answer the grammar questions appended. (25 pts.)
1. Decem ex ducibus hostium Athenis abierunt ad alios Graecos iuvandos.
| What case is Athenis and why? | |
| What construction is ad alios Graecos iuvandos? |
2. Eodem tempore opus est nobis(1) ferre iniurias aliorum ut nobis(2) nocentibus parcant.
| What case is tempore and why? | |
| What case is nobis(1) and why? | |
| What case is nobis(2) and why? | |
| What mood is parcant and why? |
IV. In the last part of this test, you will be given a passage to translate from the readings we have covered in class. There will be grammar questions pertaining to the passage. (25 pts.)
ANSWERS
I.
| Mood | Translation | Case |
|---|---|---|
| PART | 1. (of those) wondering: present active participle | ACC |
| IMP | 2. forgive! (present imperative) | DAT |
| IND | 3. it becomes/is made (present indicative, 3 s.) | NOM |
| IND | 4. he went (perfect indicative, 3 s.) | NONE |
| S | 5. I have compared (perfect subjunctive active, 1 s.) | ACC |
| IMP | 6. go out! (present imperative) | NONE |
| S | 7. we avoided (imperfect subjunctive, 1 pl.) | ACC |
| INF | 8. to be about to go (future infinitive) | NONE |
| PART | 9. having urged (ppp. of deponent verb) | ACC |
| S | 10. y’all go away (present subjunctive, 2 pl.) | NONE |
II.
- 1. Gerundive Purpose
- 2. Accusative of (Duration of) Time
- 3. Simple Fact Past (condition)
- 4. Relative Clause of Characteristic
- 5. Indirect Question
- 6. Future More Vivid (condition)
- 7. Indirect Command
- 8. Partitive Genitive
- 9. Indirect Statement
- 10. Ablative of Means (with gerund)
III.
1. Ten of (lit. “from”) the leaders of the enemy left [from] Athens to help the other Greeks.
Athenis: ablative, place from which (motion from)
ad alios Graecos iuvandos: gerundive purpose construction
2. At the same time it is necessary for us to suffer/endure the injuries of others in order that they be lenient to us when we do harm (lit. “doing harm”).
tempore: ablative of point in time
nobis(1): dative, with opus est
nobis(2): dative, object of noceo
parcant: subjunctive, purpose clause